Common Respiratory Disorders and Nursing Care
The NCLEX tests knowledge of a wide range of respiratory conditions including pneumonia, COPD (emphysema and chronic bronchitis), asthma, tuberculosis, pneumothorax, pulmonary embolism, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and lung cancer. For each condition, understand the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic findings (chest X-ray, ABGs, pulmonary function tests), and evidence-based nursing interventions. Key management strategies include oxygen therapy, bronchodilators, corticosteroids, chest physiotherapy, and patient positioning. Understanding the differences between restrictive and obstructive lung diseases and their distinct treatment approaches is essential. Emergency management of conditions like tension pneumothorax and massive pulmonary embolism requires rapid recognition and intervention.
Oxygen Therapy and Airway Management
Oxygen therapy is a critical intervention in respiratory nursing and a heavily tested NCLEX topic. Understanding oxygen delivery devices—nasal cannula (1-6 L/min), simple mask (6-10 L/min), non-rebreather (10-15 L/min), and Venturi mask (precise FiO2)—and their appropriate applications is essential. For COPD patients, remember to use low-flow oxygen (1-2 L/min) to avoid suppressing the hypoxic drive. Airway management includes suctioning techniques, tracheostomy care, chest tube management, and understanding mechanical ventilation. Know the indications for intubation, ventilator modes and settings, and how to troubleshoot ventilator alarms. Post-extubation care and weaning protocols are also commonly tested.